What is the difference between liberty and autonomy

A primary mode of protecting autonomy in this negative liberty approach is to define who cannot exercise autonomy. This boundary draws a zone that limits state intervention in order to protect the exercise of autonomy.

The state defines a minimum threshold in order to protect the integrity of the various transactions, contracts and agreements individuals make with others, thus protecting the autonomy of all the parties.

Removing from persons their legal capacity to transact with others is justified not only in the name of protecting the integrity of the transaction, but also of protecting the person. The ethical and legal question in this classic approach to autonomy in bio-medical ethics and the theory of informed consent is on what basis, by what criteria, should autonomy be restricted?

When individuals have not met the legal tests, with the first dating back to Roman law, their autonomy has been restricted. While autonomy and negative liberty are often equated as one and the same thing, they can be distinguished.

Liberty is the principle which founds and grounds the right to autonomy. We can achieve and exercise our autonomy in many ways.

We can say no to touch and intervention and constraint by others. We can choose to speak up, provided we have the space and protection to do so, or we can choose to remain silent.

We can choose to withdraw from relations with others. We can also exercise our autonomy through the exercise of the associated right to legal capacity — our legal right to enter relationships and agreements with others that give effect to our individual decisions.

It is a particular view about what is required to protect against constraints on freedom. What we need is the absence of coercion, regulation and intervention by the state and other entities. Autonomy… connotes on an ideological level that an individual who conforms to the dominant notions of independence and self-sufficiency is both freed from the prospect of regulatory government action and freed through governmental structures from interference by other private actors.

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